Volume I: The Equine Endocannabinoid System

Establishes that horses possess cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in multiple tissues.

Volume II: Pain, Joint Inflammation and Equine Comfort

Covers osteoarthritis, synovium, experimental pain sensitivity, joint-fluid exposure and equine palliative care.

Volume III: Laminitis, Hoof Tissue and Inflammation

Examines cannabinoid-receptor changes in equine hoof tissue and the possibility of future laminitis research.

Volume IV: Skin, Wounds and Topical Applications

Covers equine skin receptors, the controlled topical-CBD wound study and the THC/CBD palliative-care case report.

Volume V: Pharmacokinetics, Formulations and Safety

Explains how horses absorb, metabolize and eliminate CBD, along with the limitations of current safety findings.

Volume VI: Competition Horses, Detection and Drug Testing

Explains cannabinoid detection, repeated dosing, hemp-bedding exposure and medication-control risk.

Volume VII: Research Gaps and Future Equine Studies

Identifies the controlled trials required before topical THC, CBD or other cannabinoids can be considered established equine treatments.

Final Scientific Position

Equine cannabinoid research is legitimate and expanding. Horses possess a functioning endocannabinoid system, and early studies have investigated joint inflammation, pain sensitivity, osteoarthritis, skin, wounds, laminitis, pharmacokinetics and long-term exposure. 

Public-Facing Statement

Horses have an endocannabinoid system, and researchers are beginning to understand how it relates to their skin, joints, nerves and hooves. Early equine studies are promising enough to justify further investigation.